Part 13. Taxpayer Advocate Service

Chapter 1. Taxpayer Advocate Case Procedures

Section 7. Taxpayer Advocate Service (TAS) Case Criteria

13.1.7 Taxpayer Advocate Service (TAS) Case Criteria

Manual Transmittal

March 09, 2026

Purpose

(1) This transmits revised IRM 13.1.7, Taxpayer Advocate Case Processing, Taxpayer Advocate Service (TAS) Case Criteria.

Material Changes

(1) The following table provides changes made to IRM 13.1.7:

IRM Subsection Description
IRM 13.1.7.1.7 Added additional IRM references. IPU 25U3569 issued 08/20/2025.
IRM 13.1.7.3.2(3)(b) Clarified TC 810 Reason Code in the Example. IPU 26U0197 issued 02/05/2026.
IRM 13.1.7.3.4(2) Updated Interim Guidance for TAS Case Criteria 9, Public Policy hyperlink. IPU 24U1172 issued 11/29/2024 and IPU 26U0197 issued 02/05/2026.
IRM 13.1.7.4 Provides clarification to the PRWVH and Potential Scheme case acceptance criteria. IPU 25U3310 issued 05/20/2025.
IRM 13.1.7.4(1)(b) Updated guidance that TAS will no longer accept Non-Congressional cases with TC 810/-E Freeze. IPU 25U0484 issued 04/24/2025.
IRM 13.1.7.4(1)(b) Updated Non-Congressional Exceptions for inquires when IDRS indicates an -E Freeze and an unreversed TC 810 RC 4, 6 and 7. IPU 26U0197 issued 02/05/2026.
IRM 13.1.7.4(1)(c) Updated case acceptance criteria for non-congressional PRWVH cases. IPU 25U3262 issued 05/07/2025.
IRM 13.1.7.4(1)(c)Note Note added to clarify TAS case acceptance for Return Integrity Verification Operation (RIVO) Pre Refund Wage Verification Hold (PRWVH) and RIVO Taxpayer Protection Program (TPP). IPU 24U0425 issued 03/15/2024.
IRM 13.1.7.4(2) Added subsection for Non-Congressional Exceptions per Executive Order 14247. Renumbered remaining subsections. IPU 26U0197 issued 02/05/2026.
IRM 13.1.7.4(3) Clarified TAS Systemic Burden Criteria 5 - 7 issues not accepted by TAS. IPU 24U1172 issued 11/29/2024.
IRM 13.1.7.4(5)(a) Updated Interim Guidance for TAS Case Criteria 9, Public Policy. IPU 24U1172 issued 11/29/2024.
IRM 13.1.7.4(5)(b) Clarified TAS case exception for open examination or collection action issues that a refund from, or the processing of an amended return would resolve. IPU 24U1172 issued 11/29/2024.
IRM 13.1.7.4(5) and (6) Clarified Phoenix guidance. IPU 25U3569 issued 08/20/2025.
IRM Exhibit 13.1.7-1 Updated IRM references. IPU 25U3569 issued 08/20/2025.
IRM Exhibit 13.1.7-3 Added and removed acronyms. IPU 24U1172 issued 11/29/2024, IPU 25U3569 issued 08/20/2025, and IPU 26U0197 issued 02/05/2026.
IRM 13.1.7 Various editorial, grammar, punctuation edits including updates to hyperlinks made throughout.
Material Changes Converted Material changes into table format.

Effect on Other Documents

IRM 13.1.7, Taxpayer Advocate Case Procedures dated November 29, 2023, superseded. The following IRM Procedural Updates (IPUs) issued from March 15, 2024 through February 5, 2026 have been incorporated into this IRM: 24U0425, 24U1172, 25U0484, 25U3262, 25U3310, 25U3569 and 26U0197.

Audience

Primarily Taxpayer Advocate Service Employees.

Effective Date

(03-09-2026)

Elizabeth R. Blazey-Pennel
Acting Executive Director Case Advocacy, Intake and Technical Support (EDCA-ITS)

13.1.7.1 (09-21-2021)

Program Scope and Objectives

  1. Purpose: This IRM discusses information to consider in determining when a taxpayer meets TAS case criteria to be referred to TAS for resolution and to assist in determining case criteria based on statutory and regulatory authority.

  2. Audience: These procedures apply to all IRS employees when determining when a taxpayer would qualify for TAS assistance.

  3. Policy Owner: The National Taxpayer Advocate (NTA).

  4. Program Owner: The Director, Technical Analysis and Guidance, who reports to EDCA-ITS.

13.1.7.1.1 (11-29-2023)

Background

  1. TAS has identified criteria to qualify taxpayers for TAS assistance, which includes an independent review by a TAS employee of the actions taken or needing to be taken to resolve the problems taxpayers are experiencing. TAS Criteria 1-9 reflect situations requiring acceptance of taxpayer cases to be worked by TAS. TAS commonly refers to Criteria 1-4 as “Economic Burden” cases, Criteria 5-7 as “Systemic Burden” cases, Criteria 8 as “Best Interest of the Taxpayer” and Criteria 9 as “Public Policy.”

13.1.7.1.2 (11-29-2023)

Responsibilities

  1. IRS employees working taxpayer issues are responsible for determining when a taxpayer’s issue meets criteria for referral to TAS.

  2. TAS employees are responsible for making case acceptance determinations and will take appropriate actions to move a taxpayer’s issue to resolution while taking the taxpayer’s best interests into consideration based on the procedures in this IRM section.

13.1.7.1.3 (03-09-2026)

Authority

  1. Pursuant to Internal Revenue Code (IRC) 7803(c), the Office of the Taxpayer Advocate (known as the Taxpayer Advocate Service (TAS)) shall assist taxpayers to resolve problems with the IRS.

13.1.7.1.4 (03-09-2026)

Program Reports

  1. Reports to monitor the quality of TAS cases are derived from Phoenix and the TAS Quality Review Program’s review database. Monthly, quarterly, and fiscal year cumulative reports as well as drill down reports are available for data analysis.

13.1.7.1.5 (09-21-2021)

Terms

  1. Exhibit 13.1.7-2 contains a list of terms and their definitions used throughout this IRM.

13.1.7.1.6 (11-29-2023)

Acronyms

  1. Exhibit 13.1.7-3 contains a list of acronyms and their definitions used throughout this IRM.

13.1.7.1.7 (03-09-2026)

Related Resources

  1. All related IRM resources are listed in IRM 13.1.16, Receipt and Intake of TAS Cases, IRM 13.1.21, Closing TAS Cases, and Exhibit 13.1.7-1, General Response Time Guidelines.

  2. Exhibit 13.1.7-4 contains a Crosswalk which matches Case Criteria to IRC 7811 and Treas. Reg. 301-7811-1.

  3. TAS Case Determination tool is used to determine if a taxpayer’s issue meets one of the exceptions to TAS case acceptance criteria.

13.1.7.2 (03-09-2026)

Introduction to TAS Case Criteria

  1. Under IRC 7803(c)(2)(C)(ii), the National Taxpayer Advocate has developed case criteria for referring taxpayers to TAS. Those criteria are Criteria 1-9 and are explained in greater detail in this chapter. The case criteria are based in part on IRC 7811 and the corresponding Treasury Regulation dealing with the circumstances in which TAS may issue a Taxpayer Assistance Order (TAO). Although case criteria and significant hardship for purposes of a TAO are not always the same, they are nonetheless closely aligned. A detailed crosswalk is in Exhibit 13.1.7-4. Keep in mind TAS’s ability to assist taxpayers is much broader than the circumstances which qualify for a TAO.

  2. TAS Case Criteria will not be viewed as a means of excluding taxpayers from TAS, but rather, as a guide to TAS case acceptance. The criteria under which TAS accepts a case will not govern whether a taxpayer is entitled to relief. Similarly, as discussed in IRM 13.1.20, TAS Taxpayer Assistance Order (TAO), the criteria under which TAS accepts a case does not govern whether TAS can issue a TAO.

  3. Taxpayers do not need to validate their hardship to be accepted into the TAS program. TAS employees may need to document during case development and determine what relief is appropriate.

  4. When TAS receives an inquiry involving a potential refund scheme, TAS will review the taxpayer’s request to determine if it meets TAS case acceptance criteria and, if so, accept the case. See IRM 13.1.24.6.4.4, TAS Case Acceptance Criteria for Inquiries Involving a Potential Scheme, for case acceptance considerations when the request for assistance involves a potential scheme. If after acceptance, the case inquiry appears to question the constitutionality of the tax system or may involve a frivolous tax strategy, TAS will educate the taxpayer and close the case. In certain instances, education is a more prudent way to advocate for a taxpayer. TAS does not have the authority to decide the validity of the taxpayer’s refund claim on behalf of the IRS. See IRM 13.1.21.2, Closing Criteria.

13.1.7.3 (11-29-2023)

TAS Case Criteria

  1. As an independent organization within the IRS, TAS helps taxpayers resolve problems with the IRS and recommends changes to prevent future problems. TAS fulfills its statutory mission by working with taxpayers to resolve problems with the IRS. TAS case acceptance criteria fall into four main categories.

  2. Economic Burden - Economic burden cases are those involving a financial difficulty to the taxpayer: an IRS action or inaction has caused or will cause negative financial consequences or have a long-term adverse impact on the taxpayer.

    • Criteria 1: The taxpayer is experiencing economic harm or is about to suffer economic harm.

    • Criteria 2: The taxpayer is facing an immediate threat of adverse action.

    • Criteria 3: The taxpayer will incur significant costs if relief is not granted (including fees for professional representation).

    • Criteria 4: The taxpayer will suffer irreparable injury or long-term adverse impact if relief is not granted.

     

  3. Systemic Burden - Systemic burden cases are those in which an IRS process, system, or procedure has failed to operate as intended, and as a result the IRS has failed to timely respond to or resolve a taxpayer’s issue.

    • Criteria 5: The taxpayer has experienced a delay of more than 30 days to resolve a tax account problem.

    • Criteria 6: The taxpayer has not received a response or resolution to the problem or inquiry by the date promised.

    • Criteria 7: A system or procedure has either failed to operate as intended or failed to resolve the taxpayer’s problem or dispute within the IRS.

     

  4. Best Interest of the Taxpayer - TAS acceptance of these cases will help ensure taxpayers receive fair and equitable treatment and that their rights as taxpayers are protected.

    • Criteria 8: The manner in which the tax laws are being administered raises considerations of equity or has impaired or will impair the taxpayer’s rights.

     

  5. Public Policy - Acceptance of cases into TAS under this category will be determined by the NTA and will generally be based on a unique set of circumstances warranting assistance to certain taxpayers.

    • Criteria 9: The National Taxpayer Advocate determines compelling public policy warrants assistance to an individual or group of taxpayers.

13.1.7.3.1 (11-29-2023)

TAS Case Criteria 1–4, Economic Burden

  1. Criteria 1 – Per IRC 7811(a)(1)(B) and Treas. Reg. 301.7811-1, the taxpayer is experiencing economic harm or is about to suffer economic harm. The economic harm may be the result of actions by the IRS or created because of circumstances in the taxpayer’s personal life.

    IRC 7811(a)(2)(A), (C), and (D) outline three (3) examples of significant hardship that are categorized below as Case Criteria 2, 3 and 4. Economic harm situations require TAS’s assistance but do not fall under these criteria will be captured under Case Criteria 1.

    Note:

    Do not to confuse "economic harm" with "economic hardship." The term "economic hardship" has significance in the context of IRC 6343, Authority to release levy and return property.

    Example:

    A taxpayer’s return has been selected for examination based on the claim for Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC). The taxpayer is expecting a $3,000 refund but cannot wait for the completion of the examination, as the taxpayer has a serious medical condition and no health insurance. The taxpayer needs the money to pay for prescription drugs and nonelective surgery. This case should be accepted into the TAS program as a Criteria 1 case.

  2. Criteria 2 -- Per IRC 7811(a)(2)(A) and Treas. Reg. 301.7811-1(a)(4)(ii)(A), the taxpayer is facing an immediate threat of adverse action. Most situations will involve an action by the IRS, such as filing a Notice of Federal Tax Lien, serving a Notice of Levy, or seizing property.

    Threat of adverse actions can also involve the taxpayer’s personal situations, such as utility cutoffs or evictions. Such actions may result in negative financial consequences or economic burden to the taxpayer. A warning of impending action that will negatively impact the taxpayer is considered a "threat." An immediate threat is defined as an action that will take place in the very near future.

    Example:

    On June 15, the taxpayer came to TAS with an eviction notice stating they will be evicted on July 1 if their rent is not paid. The taxpayer is awaiting a refund of $2,000 on their Form 1040 income tax return. This refund will pay in full their arrearage, thus preventing the eviction. This case would be accepted into the TAS program as a Criteria 2 case because the threat of adverse action exists (the eviction notice), and the threat is immediate (15 days).

  3. Criteria 3 -- Per IRC 7811(a)(2)(C) and Treas. Reg. 301.7811-1(a)(4)(ii)(C), the taxpayer will incur significant costs if relief is not granted (including fees for professional representation). Situations where the IRS is unable to immediately make adjustments, process returns, release a lien, etc., could result in the taxpayer having to incur significant costs. Significant costs could include professional fees for representation.

    Note:

    The Local Taxpayer Advocate (LTA) will determine what constitutes significant costs based on the facts and circumstances of each case.

    Example:

    The IRS sends a corporation a notice requesting payment of an outstanding balance of employment taxes and penalties owed by the business. The notice indicates the business has employment tax balances with respect to 12 employment tax quarters totaling $10,000. The business provides documentation to the IRS, which contends that if all payments were correctly applied to each quarter, there would be no balance due. The IRS requests additional records and documentation. Because there are 12 quarters involved, to comply with this request the business asserts that it will need to hire an accountant, who estimates to charge at least $5,000 to organize all the records and provide a detailed analysis of how to apply the deposits and payments. The business is facing significant costs.

  4. Criteria 4 -- IRC 7811(a)(2)(D) and Treas. Reg. 301.7811-1(a)(4)(ii)(D), the taxpayer will suffer irreparable injury or long-term adverse impact if relief is not granted. This includes situations where a taxpayer may lose assets, income, or potential income if relief is not provided. Some situations include loss of the ability to be licensed or bonded as part of the taxpayer’s occupation, or loss of borrowing power or clients due to filing of a Notice of Federal Tax Lien. Other situations may involve damage to credit ratings resulting in denial of a loan.

    Example:

    The taxpayer has a lien on their property due to an outstanding tax liability. The taxpayer is trying to refinance their mortgage, which would result in a lower monthly payment and would allow them to pay the outstanding tax liability. This case should be accepted into the TAS program as a Criteria 4 case.

13.1.7.3.2 (03-09-2026)

TAS Case Criteria 5 – 7, Systemic Burden

  1. Criteria 5 -- Per IRC 7811(a)(2)(B) and Treas. Reg. 301.7811-1(a)(4)(ii)(B) and (iii), the taxpayer has experienced a delay of more than 30 days to resolve a tax account problem. See also Treas. Reg. 301.7811-1(a)(4)(iv) Example 2.

    1. Where there is an established time frame for a specific action based on an IRM, IRS form, or other official document, Criteria 5 is met when the problem or inquiry is delayed more than 30 days beyond the normal response time for the particular action. Refer to Exhibit 13.1.7-1, General Response Time Guidelines, for established normal response times on various (not inclusive) issues.

      Example:

      A taxpayer files an individual income tax return with a Schedule C claiming business expenses. The taxpayer received a notice ten months ago that the return was selected for examination and provided the requested documentation. The taxpayer has received no further contact from the IRS which is a delay of more than 30 days beyond normal response time.

       

    2. Where there is no established time frame for a specific action based on an IRM, IRS form, or other official document, Criteria 5 is met when the problem or inquiry is delayed more than 30 days after the initial date the taxpayer made a request for IRS assistance.

      Example:

      A taxpayer received an examination determination from a revenue agent. On January 10, the taxpayer wrote to the IRS, requesting an interest calculation so they could pay the account in full. On March 1, the taxpayer contacts TAS for the interest calculation because they did not receive a response to their letter. Since more than 30 days have passed from January 10, Criteria 5 is met.

       

    3. Criteria 5 may be met when the IRS sends multiple interim responses and no other actions by the IRS have been taken. Interim letters can extend prescribed time frames unless the delay is extensive or unreasonable. Judgment should be used to determine if the operating division or function’s delay is justified or whether it is an unwarranted delay.

      Example:

      A taxpayer writes to the IRS for an abatement of their federal tax deposit penalty on June 12. The taxpayer receives a response from the IRS on July 1, acknowledging receipt of the letter and informing them it will be another 30 days before their inquiry can be answered. On July 27, the taxpayer receives another IRS letter stating it will take an additional eight weeks for a reply. The TAS employee checks IDRS information and no action has been taken by the IRS on the taxpayer’s account other than sending the second interim correspondence. The taxpayer’s circumstances meet Criteria 5.

       

    4. Delays due to taxpayer unresponsiveness will not meet Criteria 5.

      Example:

      A taxpayer writes to the IRS for an abatement of their federal tax deposit penalty on June 12. The taxpayer receives a response from the IRS on July 1, acknowledging receipt of the letter and requesting additional information by July 12 to abate the penalty. On July 27, the taxpayer receives another IRS letter with a second request for information. The taxpayer has not submitted any information for consideration. The taxpayer contacts TAS for assistance on August 1, stating the penalty has not been abated. The TAS employee checks IDRS and determines from the history items that multiple requests for information were sent to the taxpayer. The TAS employee asks if the taxpayer has received any contact from the IRS. The taxpayer states they did receive a request for more information but has not mailed it in. This circumstance does not meet Criteria 5. However, TAS should still explain to the taxpayer what information the IRS, in general, needs to make a penalty abatement.

       

  2. Criteria 6 -- Per IRC 7811(a)(1)(B) and Treas. Reg 301.7811-1(a)(4)(ii), the taxpayer has not received a response or resolution to the problem or inquiry by the date promised.

    Example:

    The taxpayer has been in contact with the Correspondence Examination unit at an IRS campus because of alleged unreported income. The tax examiner requested substantiation of the taxpayer’s basis of some stock transactions. The taxpayer sent the information five weeks ago. The taxpayer received IRS correspondence acknowledging receipt of the information. The IRS correspondence also indicated a determination would be made, and the taxpayer would be contacted by March 5. On March 7, the taxpayer contacts the NTA toll-free number for assistance. The inquiry is accepted into TAS as a Criteria 6 case because the taxpayer was not contacted by the promised date of March 5.

  3. Criteria 7 -- Per IRC 7811(a)(1)(B) and Treas. Reg. 301.7811-1(a)(4)(ii), a system or procedure has either failed to operate as intended or failed to resolve the taxpayer’s problem or dispute within the IRS.

    1. When a taxpayer specifically requests TAS assistance and no other case criteria is met, accept the case under Case Criteria 7. These cases meet TAS criteria because the taxpayer’s hesitance or unwillingness to work within the IRS structure to resolve their problem is an indication of a systemic failure. Document the conversation in the Phoenix Log Communication.

    2. The following are examples of when an inquiry meets criteria 7:

    Example:

    The IRS examined a taxpayer’s return in a prior year for EITC and subsequently allowed the credit. The taxpayer filed a subsequent year return and the IRS failed to issue the refund. The taxpayer contacts TAS for assistance. TAS determines the refund was held because the IDRS transaction code 810 RC 3 indicator was never reversed, as it should have been. The taxpayer’s circumstances meet Criteria 7 because the IRS’s procedures for releasing a refund freeze failed to operate as intended.

    Example:

    A taxpayer writes to the IRS for an abatement of their federal tax deposit penalty and requests a credit elect to the next quarter. The IRS abates the penalty, but the overpayment has not been credited to the next quarter. The taxpayer’s circumstances meet Criteria 7 because the IRS’s procedures for crediting overpayments failed to operate as intended.

    Reminder:

    See IRM 13.1.7.4, Exceptions to Taxpayer Advocate Service Criteria, before accepting a case under Systemic Burden.

13.1.7.3.3 (03-09-2026)

TAS Case Criteria 8, Best Interest of the Taxpayer

  1. Criteria 8 -- Per IRC 7811(a)(1)(B) and Treas. Reg. 301.7811-1(a)(4)(ii); Taxpayer Bill of Rights (TBOR), the manner in which the tax laws are being administered raise considerations of equity or has impaired or will impair the taxpayer’s rights. Although many TAS cases may generally involve equity considerations or impair taxpayer rights, Case Criteria 8 should only be used if the case does not fit into any other TAS case criteria. Thus, if a case can be accepted into any other case criteria (1 – 7 or 9), the case should not be accepted under Case Criteria 8.

    Example:

    You receive a Congressional inquiry on behalf of a constituent regarding their 2018 balance. The account is not in a collection status and the taxpayer is on an installment agreement. The taxpayer contacted the IRS directly but does not feel they were given fair and equitable treatment and the payment amount they were given is too high for their income level. The Congressional office is requesting TAS assist with this issue and review the payment arrangement.

    Note:

    RRA ’98 1203(b)(3) addresses violations of taxpayers' constitutional or civil rights by an IRS employee. The Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration (TIGTA) has responsibility for investigating such alleged violations. If you believe a taxpayer's constitutional or civil rights were violated by an IRS employee, please refer to IRM 13.1.15, Customer Complaints / RRA 98 Section 1203 Procedures.

  2. Looking at the significant hardship requirement in IRC 7811 may be useful in making a Criteria 8 determination. Section 7811 provides “the National Taxpayer Advocate may issue a Taxpayer Assistance Order if the National Taxpayer Advocate determines the taxpayer is suffering or about to suffer a significant hardship as a result of the manner in which the internal revenue laws are being administered by the Secretary. “Treas. Reg. 301.7811-1(a)(4), further explains that significant hardship means “a serious privation is caused or about to be caused to the taxpayer as the result of the particular manner in which the revenue laws are being administered by the IRS.” Thus, if a taxpayer is experiencing or about to experience a serious privation of taxpayer rights, then the case meets Criteria 8.

    In considering whether a taxpayer is experiencing or about to experience a serious privation of taxpayer rights, consider whether any of the taxpayer’s rights have been impaired. See IRM 13.1.2.2.1, Taxpayer Bill of Rights (TBOR).

    If any of these rights have been impaired and no other case criteria fits, it would be appropriate to accept the case under Criteria 8. If no rights have been impaired, next consider the equities. If the action the IRS is taking is not equitable, a case can also be classified as Criteria 8.

13.1.7.3.4 (03-09-2026)

TAS Case Criteria 9, TAS Public Policy

  1. Criteria 9 -- Per IRC 7811(a)(1)(B) and Treas. Reg. 301.7811-1(a)(4)(ii), the NTA determines compelling public policy warrants assistance to an individual or group of taxpayers. The NTA has the sole authority for determining which issues are included in this criterion and will so designate by memo.

    Example:

    The NTA determined inquiries related to organizations where the IRS automatically revoked their tax-exempt status because the organization did not file an annual return or notice for three consecutive years met this criteria.

     

    Note:

    Criteria 9 should only be used when the taxpayer’s case does not fit within any other criteria.

  2. TAS issues interim guidance at least once every two years on case issues authorized for acceptance under Criteria 9. See Interim Guidance Memorandum(IGM) TAS-13-1024-0004, Accepting Cases Under TAS Case Criteria 9, Public Policy.

13.1.7.4 (03-09-2026)

Exceptions to Taxpayer Advocate Service Criteria

  1. There are certain cases that will not be accepted into TAS:

    1. The taxpayer’s complaint or inquiry only questions the constitutionality of the tax system,

    2. The focus of the taxpayer’s inquiry may involve frivolous tax strategies intended to avoid or delay the filing or paying of federal taxes, including certain Non-Congressional inquiries where the IRS has identified the return as frivolous.

      Note:

      When TAS receives an inquiry involving a potential refund scheme, TAS will review the taxpayer’s request along with IDRS to see if it meets TAS case acceptance criteria and, if so, accept the case. However, TAS will not accept certain Non-Congressional inquiries where IDRS indicates an -E Freeze and an unreversed TC 810 with a Responsibility Code (RC) indicating the return is being reviewed for a potential refund scheme (i.e., RC 4, 6 or 7) as shown in the table below.

      If And Then
      Congressional TAS Criteria 1 through 9 IDRS indicates an -E Freeze and an unreversed TC 810 RC 4 or 6 or 7 Accept the case
      Non-Congressional TAS Criteria 1 through 8 IDRS indicates an -E Freeze and an unreversed TC 810 RC 4 TAS will not accept the case
      Non-Congressional TAS Criteria 1 through 8 IDRS indicates an -E Freeze and an unreversed TC 810 RC 6 or 7 TAS will not accept cases where the taxpayer’s refund has been stopped via a TC 810 RC 6 or 7 through April 14, 2026
      Exception: TAS may accept new cases for assistance involving an amended return filed to correct/remove a frivolous claim so long as the taxpayer otherwise meets TAS case acceptance criteria for an issue involving an amended return. See IRM 13.1.24.6.4.4, TAS Case Acceptance Criteria for Inquiries Involving a Potential Scheme, for case acceptance considerations when the request for assistance involves a potential scheme. If after acceptance, the case inquiry appears to question the constitutionality of the tax system or may involve a frivolous tax strategy, TAS will educate the taxpayer and close the case. In certain instances, education is a more prudent way to advocate for a taxpayer. TAS does not have the authority to decide the validity of the taxpayer’s refund claim on behalf of the IRS. See IRM 13.1.21.2, Closing Criteria.

    3. Certain Pre-Refund Wage Verification Hold (PRWVH) cases as shown in the table below:

      If Then
      Congressional TAS Criteria 1 through 9

      • TAS will not accept current tax year cases referred by a Congressional office where the taxpayer’s refund has been stopped by the Return Integrity Verification Operations (RIVO) filters from January 1st through March 14th.

      • TAS will still accept cases for prior tax year returns that are delayed in processing.
      Non-Congressional TAS Criteria 1 through 8

      • TAS will not accept current tax year cases where the taxpayer’s refund has been stopped by the RIVO filters from January 1st through October 31st.

      • TAS will accept cases for prior tax year returns that were filed in the current calendar year and are delayed in processing.

      • After February 28, TAS will not accept cases where the refund is held by RIVO filters for returns filed in previous calendar years. For example, after February 28, 2026, returns filed in calendar years 2025 or prior where the refund is held by RIVO filters will not be accepted.

    Note:

    The above case acceptance applies to current tax year RIVO PRWVH issues and does not apply to RIVO Taxpayer Protection Program (TPP) case acceptance. RIVO PRWVH cases and RIVO TPP cases are separate issues and are accepted and worked differently. RIVO TPP case acceptance is dependent on TAS Criteria.

  2. TAS will not accept Non-Congressional TAS Criteria 1 through 8, current or prior refund tax year returns filed in 2026 where the taxpayer’s refund is held because direct deposit information was incorrect or not included with their return and they would like their refund to be issued via paper check as shown in the table below:

    If And IDRS indicates Then
    Non-Congressional TAS Criteria 1 through 8 1- Freeze (new numeric freeze)

    • indicates an Individual REFUND Form 1040 series tax return filed with no direct deposit account information

    		 TAS will not accept the case
    Non-Congressional TAS Criteria 1 through 8 P- Freeze with TC 841 DLN with blocking 77716 and /or CP 53E notice

    • indicates a direct deposit was rejected back to IRS

    		 TAS will not accept the case
    Congressional TAS Criteria 1 through 9

    • 1- Freeze (new numeric freeze)

    • P- Freeze with TC 841 DLN with blocking 77716 and /or CP 53E notice

    		 TAS will accept the case

  3. TAS will generally not accept the following types of inquiries that fall within Systemic Burden Criteria 5-7 involving:

    Types of Inquiries Primary Issue Code (PIC)
    Processing of Original Returns 310
    Error Resolution System (ERS) and Reject Returns 315
    Unpostable Returns 317
    Processing of Amended Returns 330
    Injured Spouse Claims 340
    Identity Theft Issues 425
    See IRM 13.1.16.14, Contacts Not Meeting TAS Criteria (Nonfrivolous Inquiries).

  4. Processing of Original or Amended Returns for non-congressional cases (Criteria 1-4 and Criteria 8)

    Question Response
    A. Does the taxpayer’s situation meet TAS Economic Burden (Criteria 1 - 4) or Best Interest of the Taxpayer (Criteria 8) and filed their return electronically?

    • Yes - Create a TAS Case.

    • No - See item B.
    B. Does the taxpayer’s situation meet TAS Economic Burden (Criteria 1 - 4) or Best Interest of the Taxpayer (Criteria 8) and mailed their paper return to the IRS?

    • Yes - See item C.

    • No - Taxpayer does not meet case acceptance criteria. Create a TAS case in Phoenix and see IRM 13.1.16.15.2.1 , Abbreviated Case Closure Procedures (ACCP). See IRM 13.1.16.14.
    C. Has it been more than six (6) months from the date of mailing the paper return to the IRS (per the taxpayer’s records or statement) and there is no indication of the return on IDRS?

    Note:

    If return is showing as received on IDRS go to item D.

    • Yes - Apologize and explain to the taxpayer the IRS system has no record of their return and recommend the taxpayer refile the return and maintain proof of mailing. Create a TAS case in Phoenix and see IRM 13.1.16.15.2.1 .

    • No - Apologize for the delay and recommend the taxpayer continue to wait for the IRS to process their return. They can contact TAS again, if needed, after 6 months from the date of filing to determine if the IRS has received their return or if they should consider refiling their return. Create a TAS case in Phoenix and see IRM 13.1.16.15.2.1 .

    See IRM 13.1.16.14.
    D. Is the paper return showing as received on IDRS?

    Note:

    For original returns use Command Code TRDBV to identify the return’s received date and for amended returns the received date is the transaction date of the TC 971 AC 120 on the taxpayer’s account.

    • Yes, and it has been 60 days or more since the return was received by the IRS. Create a TAS case.

    • Yes, but it has been less than 60 days since the return was received by the IRS. Apologize for the delay and recommend the taxpayer continue to wait for the IRS to process their return. They can contact TAS again, if needed, after 60 days from the date the IRS received the return. Create a TAS case in Phoenix and see IRM 13.1.16.15.2.1 and IRM 13.1.16.14.

    • No, go to item C.

  5. In the categories of cases in paragraphs (3) and (4), the processing delays typically arise either because the affected functions are overloaded with work or because of systemic processing glitches. There are two notable exceptions under which TAS will continue to accept cases involving the scenarios identified above.

    1. The first exception is for cases received from a Congressional Office, see IGM TAS-13-1024-0004, Interim Guidance on Accepting Cases Under TAS Case Criteria 9, Public Policy.

    2. The second exception is for cases related to other issues for which TAS may advocate, such as an open examination or collection action that a refund from, or the processing of, the original or amended return would resolve.

    The following examples illustrate these guidelines:

    Example:

    Single-Issue Systemic Burden Inquiry related to (3) and/or (4) above:
    Facts: The normal processing time for a paper Form 1040, U.S. Individual Income Tax Return, is approximately six weeks. The taxpayer filed 2024 Form 1040 more than four months ago expecting a refund and has no other outstanding issues with examination or collection. Because of the IRS delay in processing the original return, the taxpayer’s circumstances meet TAS Criteria 5. Under the guidelines, refer the taxpayer to the appropriate IRS function for resolution, create a TAS case in Phoenix and see IRM 13.1.16.15.2.1 , Abbreviated Case Closure Procedures (ACCP)..

    Example:

    Systemic Burden Inquiry Referred by Congressional Office:
    Facts: Assume the same facts as the first Example in this section, except the case has been referred by a congressional office. Create a TAS case in Phoenix.

    Example:

    Systemic Burden Inquiry Affecting Other Tax Issues:
    Facts: Assume the same facts as in the first Example in this section, except the taxpayer has an outstanding balance for tax year 2019 and has been receiving IRS collection notices. The taxpayer’s expected refund would fully pay the balance due and leave the taxpayer with a small refund. Accept the taxpayer’s inquiry and establish a TAS case in Phoenix because facilitating the processing of the original return will resolve an open collection issue.

  6. For any issue where TAS is not able to directly assist the taxpayer, TAS will:

    1. Educate the taxpayer and direct them to any available IRS resources;

    2. Create a TAS case in Phoenix and see IRM 13.1.16.15.2.1 for Abbreviated Case Closure Procedures,

    3. Use outreach and other forums to gather feedback and improve the IRS’s educational resources; and

    4. Identify systemic problems using Phoenix and work with the IRS to correct them.

13.1.7.5 (09-21-2021)

Same Day Resolution by Operations

  1. Problems meeting TAS criteria do not necessarily need to be sent to TAS when an operating division or function can immediately resolve them. It is important all IRS employees handle potential TAS cases with the taxpayer’s best interest in mind. The definition of "Same Day Resolution" is "within 24 hours." The following two situations meet the definition of "Same Day Resolution:"

    • The issue can be resolved within 24 hours.

    • The IRS takes steps within 24 hours to resolve the taxpayer’s issue.

    Cases that can be resolved on the "Same Day" should not be referred to TAS unless the taxpayer makes the request. Before referring potential cases to TAS, the following guidelines will be applied:

    1. A case meeting TAS criteria may be retained in the general program area when the problem has been corrected or will be resolved immediately (within 24 hours) to the taxpayer’s satisfaction, or resolution is undertaken (within 24 hours) AND

    2. The taxpayer is advised of the name, phone number, and unique identification number of the employee who resolved the problem, AND

    3. The NTA toll-free number, 1-877-777-4778, is provided and the taxpayer is advised TAS is available if the resolution is not satisfactory.

Exhibit 13.1.7-1

General Response Time Guidelines

Issue IRM Reference Processing Time
Account Referral Form 4442 / e-4442 IRM 21.3.5.4.6.3, Referral Aging Criteria 30 Days from Receipt
Adjustment / Math Error Notices IRM 21.3.1.5, Notice Descriptions See Specific Math Error
Audit / Collection Adjustment Overpayment (CP 210) IRM 21.3.1.7.29, CP 210 - Examination (Audit) or Data Processing Tax Adjustment - Balance Due, Overpayment, or Even Balance Two (2) to five (5) Weeks
Collection Adjustment Balance Due (CP 220) IRM 21.3.1.7.31, CP 220 - Examination (Audit) or Data Processing Tax Adjustment - Balance Due, Overpayment, or Even Balance Two (2) to five (5) Weeks
Copy of Audit Report IRM 21.5.10.4.4, Requests for Copies of Audit Reports 60 Days
Copy of CP 2000 / CP 2501 / Letter 2893C IRM 21.3.1.6.40.1, Ordering a Copy of CP 2000, CP 2501, or 2893C Letter 60 Days
Correspondence to the Accounts Management IRM 21.3.3.3.4, Quality and Timely Responses 30 Days
Credit Transfer Overpayment (CP 62) IRM 21.3.1.6.32, CP 62 - Notice of Credit Transfer - We Credited Your Account Refund issued four (4) to six (6) Weeks, if taxpayer agrees
Direct Debit Installment Agreement (DDIA) Changes in Compliance Services Collection Operations (CSCO) IRM 5.19.1.6.4.13.2, Taxpayer Problems With DDIA Three (3) business days from receipt
Form SS-4 Submitted by Mail IRM 21.7.13.3.6.1, Processing an EIN Application Received by Mail 30 Days
Form SS-4 Submitted by Fax IRM 21.7.13.3.7.2, Processing an Application Received by Fax Four (4) business days for faxed response, two (2) weeks by mail, or TP can call back after four (4) Business Days to receive EIN via phone
Form SS-4 Submitted by EIN Toll-Free Telephone Service IRM 21.7.13.3.5.1, EIN Toll-Free Telephone Service-Domestic Entities Immediately under certain conditions using Online EIN Assistant
Form SS-8 IRM 21.7.2.5.3, Worker Classification Determinations 180 Days from Receipt
Form W-7 / W-7A Instructions Seven (7) Weeks [nine (9) to 11 weeks during peak processing periods of January 15 through April 30]
Form 56 IRM 3.30.123-9, IMF Entity BBTS and WP&C Function/Program Code Chart 30 days
Form 1139 Instructions 90 days
Form 3911 IRM 21.4.2.4.1(1)(c), Form 3911, Taxpayer Statement Regarding Refund Six (6) Weeks or 120 days, for a direct deposit refund
Form 4506 - Copy of Return Instructions 75 Days
Form 4506 - Copy of W-2 Instructions 75 Days
Form 8379 Attached to Original Return Instructions 14 Weeks or 11 Weeks, if filed electronically
Form 8857 Instructions Six (6) Months
-A Freeze (Amended Returns) IRM 21.5.6.4.2, - A Freeze 16 Weeks
-D Freeze IRM 21.5.6.4.8, - D Freeze 45 Days
E- Freeze IRM 21.5.6.4.9, E- Freeze Six (6) Weeks from Control
S- Freeze IRM 21.4.3.5.3, Undeliverable Refund Checks Four (4) to six (6) Weeks
T- Freeze IRM 21.5.6.4.39, T- Freeze None Provided
Identity Theft IRM 25.23.2.2.3, IDT Case Processing Time Frames Processing timeframes have no impact on taxpayers facing economic burden (TAS criteria 1-4) with Identity Theft issues.
INTST Payoffs by Phone IRM 5.19.1.6.2, Can Full Pay Balance Due Now (Payoff) Add 10 Days to Date TP States Payment will be made
INTST Payoffs by Mail IRM 5.19.1.6.2 Add 21 Days to Date TP States Payment will be made
Refund from Paper Return IRM 21.4.1.4, Refund Inquiry Response Procedures Six (6) Weeks
Refund from ELF Return IRM 21.4.1.4 Three (3) Weeks
Refund from Form 1040-X IRM 21.4.1.4 16 Weeks
Response from Taxpayer to Underreporter IRM 4.19.2.3.1, Policy Statement P-21-3 Guidelines 30 Days
Unpostable is Open IRM 21.5.5.3.3.1, Open Unpostable (UPC) Six (6) to eight (8) Weeks
Unpostable is Closed IRM 21.5.5.3.3.2, Closed Unpostable (UPC) Six (6) to nine (9) Weeks
Exhibit 13.1.7-2

Terms

Term Definition
Case Advocacy Any employee working to advocate for the taxpayer. (This could include Intake Advocates, TAS employees, Taxpayer Advocate Group Managers (TAGMs), LTAs, etc.).
Offset Bypass Refund (OBR) Issuance of a manual refund without first satisfying outstanding Federal tax liabilities when the taxpayer has an economic hardship.
Operations Assistance Request (OAR) Refers to Form 12412 which TAS employees use to recommend or request the IRS act to resolve an issue when TAS lacks the statutory or delegated authority to resolve a taxpayer’s problem.
Pre-Refund Wage Verification Hold (PRWVH) Refers to the revenue protection program managed by the Return Integrity Verification Operation (RIVO) that identifies returns reporting false or fraudulent income.
Phoenix Computerized inventory control and report system used by TAS employees to assign, control, and maintain TAS inventory.
Taxpayer Assistance Order (TAO) A statutory tool used by TAS to order the IRS to take certain actions, cease certain actions, or refrain from taking certain actions. See IRC 7811 and IRM 13.1.20, TAS Taxpayer Assistance Orders (TAOs) Process. TAS uses Form 9102 to issue a TAO to the IRS.
Exhibit 13.1.7-3

Acronyms

Acronyms Definitions
AC Action Code
CC Command Code
CP Computer Paragraph
CSCO Compliance Services Collection Operations
DDIA Direct Debit Installment Agreement
DLN Document Locator Number
EDCA Executive Director Case Advocacy
ELF Electronic Filing System
EITC Earned Income Tax Credit
ERS Error Resolution System
IDRS Integrated Data Retrieval System
IGM Interim Guidance Memorandum
IDTVA Identity Theft Victims Assistance function
IRC Internal Revenue Code
IRM Internal Revenue Manual
ITS Internal Technical Support
LTA Local Taxpayer Advocate
NTA National Taxpayer Advocate
OAR Operations Assistance Request
OBR Offset Bypass Refund
PIC Primary Issue Code
PRWVH Pre-Refund Wage Verification Hold
RIVO Return Integrity Verification Operations
TAGM Taxpayer Advocate Group Manager
TAO Taxpayer Assistance Order
TAS Taxpayer Advocate Service
TBOR Taxpayer Bill of Rights
TIGTA Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration
TC Transaction Code
Exhibit 13.1.7-4

Case Criteria Crosswalk to 7811 and Regulations

Type TAS Criteria Description Statutory Authority Regulatory Authority
Economic Burden 1 The taxpayer is experiencing economic harm or is about to suffer economic harm. 7811(a) (1)(B) -- Sec’y via Regs 301.7811-1(a)(4)(ii) -- serious privation.
Economic Burden 2 The taxpayer is facing an immediate threat of adverse action. 7811(a)(2)(A) 301.7811-1(a)(4)(ii)(A); (iv) Example 1
Economic Burden 3 The taxpayer will incur significant costs if relief is not granted (including fees for professional representation). 7811(a)(2)(C) 301.7811-1(a)(4)(ii)(C); (iv) Example 3
Economic Burden 4 The taxpayer will suffer irreparable injury or long-term adverse impact if relief is not granted. 7811(a)(2)(D) 301.7811-1(a)(4)(ii)(D); (iv) Example 4
Systemic Burden 5 The taxpayer has experienced a delay of more than 30 days to resolve a tax account problem. 7811(a)(2)(B) 301.7811-1(a)(4)(ii)(B) and (iii); (iv) Example 2
Systemic Burden 6 The taxpayer has not received a response or resolution to the problem or inquiry by the date promised. 7811(a)(1)(B) -- Sec’y via Regs 301.7811-1(a)(4)(ii); (iv) Example 2
System Burden 7 A system or procedure has either failed to operate as intended or failed to resolve the taxpayer's problem or dispute within the IRS. 7811(a)(1)(B) -- Sec’y via Regs 301.7811-1(a)(4)(ii)
Best Interest of Taxpayer 8 The manner in which the tax laws are being administered raises considerations of equity or has impaired or will impair the taxpayer's rights. 7811(a)(1)(B) -- Sec’y via Regs 301.7811-1(a)(4)(ii) -- serious privation; TBOR
Public Policy 9 The NTA determines compelling public policy warrants assistance to an individual or group of taxpayers. 7811(a)(1)(B) -- Sec’y via Regs 301.7811-1(a)(4)(ii) -- serious privation; failure to resolve.