All organizations subject to the tax on unrelated business income, except the exempt trusts described in section 511(b)(2),
are taxable at corporate rates on that income. All exempt trusts subject to the tax on unrelated business income that, if
not exempt, would be taxable as trusts are taxable at trust rates on that income. However, an exempt trust may not claim the
deduction for a personal exemption that is normally allowed to a trust.
The tax is imposed on the organization's unrelated business taxable income (described in chapter 4). The tax is reduced by
any applicable tax credits, including the general business credits (such as the investment credit) and the foreign tax credit.
Returns and Filing Requirements
An exempt organization subject to the tax on unrelated business income must file Form 990-T and attach any required supporting
schedules and forms. The obligation to file Form 990-T is in addition to the obligation to file any other required returns.
Form 990-T is required if the organization's gross income from unrelated businesses is $1,000 or more. An exempt organization
must report income from all its unrelated businesses on a single Form 990-T. Each organization must file a separate Form 990-T,
except section 501(c)(2) title holding corporations and organizations receiving their earnings that file a consolidated return
under section 1501.
The various provisions of tax law relating to accounting periods, accounting methods, at-risk limits (described in section
465), assessments, and collection penalties that apply to tax returns generally also apply to Form 990-T.
When to file.
The Form 990-T of an employees' trust described in section 401(a), an IRA (including a traditional, SEP, SIMPLE, Roth,
or Coverdell IRA), or an MSA must be filed by the 15th day of the 4th month after the end of its tax year. The Form 990-T
of any other exempt organization must be filed by the 15th day of the 5th month after the end of its tax year. If the due
date falls on a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday, the return is due by the next business day.
Extension of time to file.
A Form 990-T filer may request an automatic 3-month (6 months for corporation) extension of time to file a return
by submitting Form 8868, Application for Extension of Time To File an Exempt Organization Return. The Form 990-T filer may
also use Form 8868 to apply for an additional (not automatic) 3-month extension to file the return if the original 3-month
extension was not enough time.
Public Inspection Requirements of Section 501(c)(3) Organizations.
Under section 6104(d), a section 501(c)(3) organization that has gross income from an unrelated trade or business
of $1,000 or more must make its annual exempt organization business income tax return (including amended returns) available
for public inspection.
A section 501(c)(3) organization filing the Form 990-T only to request a credit for certain federal excise taxes paid does
not have to make the Form 990-T available for public inspection.
Estimated tax.
A tax-exempt organization must make estimated tax payments if it expects its tax (unrelated business income tax after
certain adjustments) to be $500 or more. Estimated tax payments are generally due by the 15th day of the 4th, 6th, 9th, and
12th months of the tax year. If any due date falls on a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday, the payment is due on the next
business day.
Any organization that fails to pay the proper estimated tax when due may be charged an underpayment penalty for the
period of underpayment. Generally, to avoid the estimated tax penalty, the organization must make estimated tax payments that
total 100% of the organization's current tax year liability. However, an organization can base its required estimated tax
payments on 100% of the tax shown on its return for the preceding year (unless no tax is shown) if its taxable income for
each of the 3 preceding tax years was less than $1 million. If an organization's taxable income for any of those years was
$1 million or more, it can base only its first required installment payment on its last year's tax.
All tax-exempt organizations should use Form 990-W (Worksheet), to figure their estimated tax.
Tax due with Form 990-T.
Any tax due with Form 990-T must be paid in full when the return is filed, but no later than the date the return is
due (determined without extensions).
Federal Tax Deposits Must be Made by Electronic Funds Transfer
You must use electronic funds transfer to make all federal deposits (such as deposits of estimated tax, employment tax, and
excise tax). Forms 8109 and 8109-B, Federal Tax Deposit Coupon, are no longer in use. Generally, electronic fund transfers
are made using the Electronic Federal Tax Payment System (EFTPS). If you do not want to use EFTPS, you can arrange for your
tax professional, financial institution, payroll service, or other trusted third party to make deposits on your behalf. Also,
you may arrange for your financial institution to initiate a same-day wire payment on your behalf. EFTPS is a free service
provided by the Department of Treasury. Services provided by your tax professional, financial institution, payroll service,
or other third party may have a fee. To get more information about EFTPS or to enroll in EFTPS, visit www.eftps.gov or call 1-800-555-4477. Additional information about EFTPS is available in Publication 966, The Secure Way to Pay Your Federal
Taxes.
Deposits on business days only.
If a deposit is required to be made on a day that is not a business day, the deposit is considered timely if it is
made by the close of the next business day. A business day is any day other than a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday. For
example, if a deposit is required to be made on a Friday and Friday is a legal holiday, the deposit will be considered timely
if it is made by the following Monday (if that Monday is a business day). The term "legal holiday" means any legal holiday
in the District of Columbia.
