Childcare Credit, Other Credits

No, tuition for kindergarten isn't a qualifying expense for the child and dependent care credit because expenses to attend kindergarten or a higher grade are educational expenses rather than child care expenses.

However, the expenses for a before- or after-school care program of a child in kindergarten or a higher grade may qualify, even though the expense of school tuition doesn't qualify.

• Am I Eligible to Claim the Child and Dependent Care Credit?
• Tax Topic 602 - Child and Dependent Care Credit
• Publication 503, Child and Dependent Care Expenses

Yes, you may still claim the child and dependent care credit when you're missing the provider's social security number or other taxpayer identification number by demonstrating due diligence in attempting to secure this information.

Claim the childcare expenses on Form 2441, Child and Dependent Care Expenses and provide the care provider's information you have available (such as name and address). Write "See Attached Statement" in the columns missing information. Explain on the attached statement that you requested the provider's identifying number, but the provider didn't give it to you. This statement supports the exercise of due diligence in trying to secure the identifying information for the claim.

• Form W-10, Dependent Care Provider's Identification and Certification (PDF)
• Instructions for Form 2441, Child and Dependent Care Expenses (PDF)
• Publication 503, Child and Dependent Care Expenses
• Am I Eligible to Claim the Child and Dependent Care Credit?
• Tax Topic 602 - Child and Dependent Care Credit

Yes, you may claim the child tax credit (CTC)/additional child tax credit (ACTC) or credit for other dependents (ODC) as well as the child and dependent care credit on your return, if you qualify for those credits.

• If you qualify for any of these credits, you may claim the credit(s) on Form 1040, U.S. Individual Income Tax Return, Form 1040-SR, U.S. Tax Return for Seniors or Form 1040-NR, U.S. Nonresident Alien Income Tax Return.
• To claim the child and dependent care credit, you must also complete and attach Form 2441, Child and Dependent Care Expenses. The Instructions for Form 2441 explain the qualifications for the child and dependent care credit and how to calculate it.
• The Instructions for Form 1040 and Form 1040-SR explain the qualifications for the child tax credit, the additional child tax credit, and the credit for other dependents; the requirements for taxpayer identification numbers (TINs), and how to calculate the credits.
• Complete Schedule 8812 (Form 1040), Additional Child Tax Credit, when claiming the additional child tax credit (ACTC).
• Attach the appropriate form or schedule to your Form 1040, Form 1040-SR, or Form 1040-NR.

Note: If you don't have a TIN on or before the due date of your return (including extensions), you may not claim the CTC/ACTC/ODC on either your original or an amended return. However, if you apply for an ITIN on or before the due date of the return (including extensions) and the IRS issues an ITIN as a result of the application, the IRS will consider the ITIN as issued on or before the due date of your return. Also, you may not claim the CTC/ACTC on either your original or an amended return for a child who doesn't have an SSN valid for employment before the due date of your return (including extensions), even if that child later gets one. You may be eligible to claim a credit for other dependents for a child who does not have the required SSN.

• Does My Child/Dependent Qualify for the Child Tax Credit or the Credit for Other Dependents?
• Publication 972, Child Tax Credit
• Publication 17, Your Federal Income Tax for Individuals
• Am I Eligible to Claim the Child and Dependent Care Credit?

If you're a U.S. citizen or resident, you may qualify for this credit if before the end of 2020 —

• you were age 65 or older; or
• you retired on permanent and total disability and received taxable disability income.

A married individual must file a joint return to claim the credit unless the individual lived apart from his or her spouse for the entire taxable year or qualifies to file as head of household.

Even if you meet the above tests, you can't claim the credit if either of the following exceeds certain amounts:

• your adjusted gross income; or
• the total of your nontaxable social security benefits, nontaxable pensions, nontaxable annuities and nontaxable disability income.

For more information, see Publication 524, Credit for the Elderly or the Disabled.

• Schedule R (Form 1040), Credit for the Elderly or the Disabled
• Do I Qualify for the Credit for the Elderly or Disabled?

Expenses that qualify for an education credit (whether the American Opportunity Tax Credit (AOTC) or the Lifetime Learning Credit) are qualified tuition and related expenses paid by the taxpayer during the taxable year. Qualified tuition and related expenses are tuition and fees required for the enrollment or attendance of the taxpayer, the taxpayer's spouse, or any dependent of the taxpayer at an eligible educational institution for courses of instruction. For the AOTC, the expenses must be paid in a program to acquire a postsecondary degree. For the Lifetime Learning Credit, the expenses must be paid in a program to acquire a postsecondary degree or to acquire or improve job skills.   

For the AOTC provisions, student activity fees are included in qualified education expenses only if the fees must be paid to the institution as a condition of enrollment or attendance. Expenses for books, supplies, and equipment needed for a course of study are included in qualified education expenses whether or not the materials are purchased from the educational institution.

For the Lifetime Learning Credit, student activity fees and expenses for course-related books, supplies and equipment are included in qualified education expenses only if the fees and expenses must be paid to the institution for enrollment or attendance by an individual.

Qualified tuition and related expenses don't include the following types of expenses:

• Expenses related to any course of instruction or education involving sports, games or hobbies, or any noncredit course (unless the course or other education is part of the student's degree program or, in the case of the Lifetime Learning Credit, the student takes the course to acquire or improve job skills),
• Student activity fees (unless required for enrollment or attendance),
• Athletic fees (unless required for enrollment or attendance),
• Costs of room and board,
• Insurance premiums or medical expenses (including student health fees),
• Transportation expenses, and
• Other personal, living, or family expenses.

An eligible educational institution means a college, university, vocational school, or other postsecondary educational institution that's accredited and eligible to participate in the federal financial student aid programs administered by the Department of Education.

Note: You can't claim the AOTC on either an original or an amended return if either you or the student didn’t have a taxpayer identification number by the due date of your return (including extensions), even if you or the student later gets one of those numbers.

• Instructions for Form 8863, Education Credits (American Opportunity and Lifetime Learning Credits) (PDF)
• Form 8863, Education Credits (American Opportunity and Lifetime Learning Credits) (PDF)
• Education Credits--AOTC and LLC
• Publication 970, Tax Benefits for Education
• Am I Eligible to Claim an Education Credit?
• Education Credits: Questions and Answers

No, expenses paid to attend a private high school don't qualify for an education credit because a high school isn't an eligible educational institution.

In general, an eligible educational institution is an accredited college, university, vocational school, or other postsecondary educational institution. To be eligible, the educational institution must also be eligible to participate in a federal financial student aid program administered by the Department of Education.

• Education Credits--AOTC and LLC
• Publication 970, Tax Benefits for Education
• Am I Eligible to Claim an Education Credit?
• Form 8863, Education Credits (American Opportunity and Lifetime Learning Credits) (PDF)

No, you can't claim a credit for higher education expenses paid for by a tax-free scholarship.

• Education Benefits -- No Double Benefits Allowed
• Form 8863, Education Credits (American Opportunity and Lifetime Learning Credits) (PDF)
• Am I Eligible to Claim an Education Credit?
• Publication 970, Tax Benefits for Education

The lifetime learning credit is a nonrefundable tax credit with a per-family dollar limit that's available for qualified tuition and related expenses for any course of higher education, whether the student is at the undergraduate or graduate level, and for courses to acquire or improve job skills. There’s no limit on the number of years the lifetime learning credit can be claimed, and the student does not need to be pursuing a program leading to a degree.

You calculate the lifetime learning credit by taking 20% of the first $10,000 of the qualified educational expenses you paid during the taxable year for all individuals. For a taxpayer with high modified adjusted gross income, a phaseout may apply.

• Publication 970, Tax Benefits for Education
• Am I Eligible to Claim an Education Credit?
• Form 8863, Education Credits (American Opportunity and Lifetime Learning Credits) (PDF)

Yes. The work opportunity tax credit (WOTC) provides an incentive to hire individuals from targeted groups that have a particularly high unemployment rate or other special employment needs.

The Taxpayer Certainty and Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2019 extended the ability to claim the WOTC for members of targeted groups that begin working for the employer after December 31, 2019, and before January 1, 2021. Generally, the WOTC is equal to 40 percent of the qualified wages paid to a targeted group employee who performs at least 400 hours of service during his or her first year of employment with the employer.

You must obtain certification from your state employment security agency that an individual is a targeted group member before you claim the credit. Generally, you obtain certification by submitting Form 8850, Pre-Screening Notice and Certification Request for the Work Opportunity Credit to the state employment security agency. You must submit the form not later than the 28th day after the individual begins work for you. 

Newly hired individuals from the following targeted groups might qualify you for this tax credit:

• A long-term family assistance recipient.
• A qualified recipient of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF).
• A qualified veteran.
• A qualified ex-felon.
• A designated community resident.
• A vocational rehabilitation referral.
• A qualified summer youth employee.
• A qualified Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits (food stamps) recipient.
• A qualified SSI recipient.
• A qualified long-term unemployment recipient.

Calculate the credit by completing Form 5884, Work Opportunity Credit and filing with your tax return or on Form 3800, General Business Credit, as appropriate. If you're a qualified tax-exempt organization, calculate and claim the credit by completing Form 5884-C, Work Opportunity Credit for Qualified Tax-Exempt Organizations Hiring Qualified Veterans. See the Instructions for Form 5884 and the Instructions for Form 5884-C.

• Work Opportunity Tax Credit